Surfer's eye is the colloquial name for a condition known in ophthalmology as pterygium – a fibrovascular growth that develops on the surface of the eye. Although benign, it can lead to serious vision impairment if not monitored and treated in a timely manner. In the following lines, we will discuss what pterygium is, its risk factors, symptoms, and modern treatment options.
What is a pterygium?
Pterygium is a pinkish, wedge-shaped growth that begins at the inner (nasal) corner of the eye and can spread onto the cornea, sometimes even reaching the pupil. It most commonly affects people who spend extended periods outdoors and are exposed to intense sun, wind, dust, or saltwater – which is why the condition is associated with surfers, fishermen, skiers, and people living in tropical and subtropical regions.
Causes and risk factors for „surfer's eye“
The most significant cause for the development of pterygium is chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Additional factors include:
- Living and working in regions with high solar activity
- Constant contact with dust, wind, and dry air
- Advanced age - most commonly found in people over 30 years old
- Male pattern baldness - statistically observed more often in men
- Genetic predisposition and possible role of viruses and inflammatory processes
Symptoms
In its early stages, pterygium (surfer's eye) often has no symptoms. However, over time, the following may develop:
- Irritation, gritty sensation in the eye
- Redness, burning, itching
- Dryness and increased sensitivity to light
- Distorted or blurred vision, especially if the growth covers part of the pupil
- Development of astigmatism
Diagnostics
The ophthalmological examination is sufficient for diagnosis. It is usually performed with a special microscope (slit-lamp), and if necessary, corneal topography is also used to assess possible corneal changes and visual functions.
Treatment for „surfer's eye“
Conservative approach
For milder forms and in the absence of visual impairments, the following are applied:
- Artificial tears to moisturize the eye
- Anti-inflammatory drops (e.g., corticosteroids or antihistamines)
- Sunglasses with UV protection and wearing a hat with a visor
Surgical treatment
For larger growths that impair vision or cause significant discomfort, surgical removal is recommended. Modern practice includes:
- Pterygium removal with conjunctival autograft: The most reliable method for preventing recurrence
- In cases of higher risk of recurrence, mitomycin C, amniotic membrane, or anti-angiogenic drugs may be applied.
With the appropriate surgical technique, the likelihood of recurrence decreases significantly—from over 50–80% with older methods to less than 5% with modern approaches.
New developments
In recent years, new drug solutions have been developed that aim to stop the growth of pterygium at an early stage. One of the promising preparations is CBT-001 – eye drops that can potentially prevent the need for surgery.
Prevention
The best treatment remains prevention. To reduce your risk of developing pterygium:
- Wear sunglasses with 100% UV protection (UV400)
- Use artificial tears when you feel dryness
- Avoid direct exposure to wind, dust, and sun without protection
- Get regular eye exams, especially if you work outdoors.
Pterygium is a common eye condition, especially in sunny and windy regions. Although benign, it can lead to serious visual discomfort if left untreated. Timely diagnosis, proper prevention, and access to modern treatment methods allow for an excellent prognosis and long-term vision preservation.
LIC “Medical Karadži“ can refer patients with pterygium to experienced ophthalmologists who have the necessary experience and technology to effectively manage this condition. This ensures an individual approach, adequate therapy, and peace of mind for the patient.
