Causes of macular degeneration
The exact cause of macular degeneration is not fully understood, but several factors increase the risk of developing the condition:
- AgeThe risk increases significantly with age, especially after 60 years old.
- GeneticsA family history of macular degeneration can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
- RaceWhite people are more likely to develop macular degeneration compared to other ethnic groups.
- SmokingSmoking doubles the risk of macular degeneration.
- ObesityExcess weight increases the likelihood of early and intermediate stages of macular degeneration progressing to a more severe form.
- DietA diet rich in saturated fats and low in antioxidants can contribute to the development of macular degeneration.
Symptoms
Macular degeneration usually progresses slowly, and symptoms may not be noticed in the early stages. As the condition advances, the following symptoms may appear:
- FogginessGradual blurring of central vision.
- Image distortionStraight lines can appear wavy or distorted.
- Dark or empty areasDark, blurred areas in the center of vision.
- Difficulties in completing tasksProblems with activities that require fine vision, such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of macular degeneration typically includes a comprehensive eye exam, including:
- Visual acuity test/perimetryMeasures how well you see at different distances.
- Amsler Grid TestDetects distortions in central vision.
- Eye exam with dilated pupilsAllows the specialist to examine the retina and optic nerve for signs of damage.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)Non-invasive imaging test that provides detailed images of the retina.
- Fluorescein angiographyIt involves injecting contrast dye into the bloodstream to highlight the blood vessels in the eye.
